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The Hon. DAVID R. FRANCIS 
President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 



THE SAINT LOUIS WORLD'S FAIR 
OF 1904 

IN COMMEMORATION OF 
THE ACQUISITION OF 

THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY 



ILLUSTRATED 



By DR. CHARLES M. KURTZ 

ASSISTANT-CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF ART 

LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION 



SAINT LOUIS 

GOTTSCHALK PRINTING COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS 

1903 



THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received 

MAY 4 1903 

Copyngnt Entry 
CLASS 

r i 



<L XXc No. 



1 1 
COPY B. 



1 



Copyrighted 1903, by 

The Gottschalk Printing Company 

Saint Louis 






View from the Administration Building, February, 1903 



PUBLISHER'S PREFACE 

Despite the many and varied circulars, pamphlets, etc., issued by the 
Bureau of Publicity and Promotion of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 
the General Circulars of Information issued by each of the Exhibit Depart- 
ments, the numerous descriptive and illustrated hand-books emanating 
from sources not official, and the voluminous magazine and newspaper 
articles concerning this great project of the twentieth century, until the 
present time there has not been presented in simple and compact form a 
connected story of the Exposition, its inception, plan and scope, a view of 
the various steps toward its realization, with sketches of the men whose 
work will be most in evidence when the Exposition formally opens its gates. 



In this little book the endeavor has been made to provide in a simple. 
explicit manner, such information as may be desired by those who are 
looking forward with interest to this Exposition. The preparation of the 
text has been confided to Dr. Charles M. Kurtz, Assistant-Chief of the 
Department of Art, who has been connected with the work almost from its 
beginning — the Art Department having been the first of the Exhibit Depart- 
ments to be formally organized. Dr. Kurtz otherwise is well qualified for 
the preparation of such material, having had a long apprenticeship in art, in 
journalism and in exposition work. A native of Pennsylvania, he was 
graduated by Washington and Jefferson College in 1876, and three years 
later was given a Master's degree. For three years he was a student at the 

s 



National Academy of Design, New York, later was connected for several 
years with the New York Tribune, for nine years was editor of Rational 
Jlcademy C^otes, and in 1884 edited the Art Union [Magazine. From 1883 to 
1886, inclusive, he was Director of the Art Department of the Southern 
Exposition, at Louisville, Ky. In 1889 he became art editor of the V^ew 
York Daily Star, and subsequently had added to his duties the literary 

editorship and the direction of the 
Sunday Star. In 1891 he relinquished 
journalistic work to become Assistant- 
Chief of the Department of Fine Arts of 
the World's Columbian Exposition, at 
Chicago. Mr. Kurtz acted in an advisory 
capacity for the Art Committee of the 
St. Louis Annual Exposition of 1893, 
and at the close of the Columbian 
Exposition was tendered the Art- 
Directorship of the St. Louis Exposi- 
tion. In 1894, and during the five 
years following, he visited the art cen- 
ters of this country and Europe in the 
interests of this Exposition, which, 
under his direction, gained the reputa- 
tion of holding "the most advanced art 
exhibition of the year in the United 
States ! ' During these years, at 
St. Louis was shown the first organ- 
ized exhibit of works by the famous 
painters of the "Glasgow School"' to be seen in this country, and here also 
the painters of the German "Secession" made their debut in America, while 
other collections adequately illustrated the contemporary art of France, 
Holland and Denmark. 

In 1898 the Directors of the Trans-Mississippi International Exposition, 
of Omaha, conferred upon Mr. Kurtz a diploma and medal, "in recognition 
of valuable services in connection with the Fine Arts Exhibit." In February, 
1899, he was appointed Assistant-Director of Fine Arts for the United States 
Commission to the Paris Exposition of 1900, and assisted in the organiza- 
tion of the work of the Department. He was appointed Assistant-Chief of 
the Department of Art of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in August, 1901. 

6 




Dr. Charles M. Kurtz 

Assistant-Chief, Department of Art 

Louisiana Purchase Exposition 



Dr. Kurtz is a member of the National Sculpture Society, the National 
Society of Mural Painters, the Municipal Art Society, the Lotos and the 
National Arts Clubs, of New York; the Artists' Guild and the St. Louis 
Club, St. Louis and of the Japan Society, of London. He is an Honorary 
Member of the Society of Western Artists, and is a member of the Phi 
Gamma Delta college fraternity. In October, 1902, Washington and Jef- 
ferson College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 
(Ph. D.), "in recognition of distinguished ability and services as an art 
critic and writer." 

This little book does not assume to give anything like a complete 
account of the attractions which will pertain to the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition, or even a comprehensive list of them ; — no publication less vol- 
uminous than an encyclopaedia could undertake to do that. It aims, how- 
ever, to cover the salient features of the great enterprise and to convey some 
idea of its general plan and magnitude. It aims, also, to stimulate interest 
in the Exposition and in the City of St. Louis. And it is the belief that 
when the Exposition is open, and visitors have poured in from every quarter 
of the globe, each and every one (who knows his Bible) will feel moved to 
exclaim, in the words of the Queen of Sheba, on the occasion of her visit 
to King Solomon : 

" Behold, the half was not told me ! " 





THE ART PALACE 
Main Entrance, North Front of Central Building 




PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES 
(From the Architect's Drawing) 



FOREWORD 



This hand-book is descended from an illustrated lecture on the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition, which has been delivered by the writer in New York, 
Chicago and in St. Louis, before audiences which manifested interest in 
the subject. Application having been made for the privilege of publishing 
the lecture, consent was given, and, in the interest of a better result, a 
general revision of the manuscript was undertaken and the story of the 
Exposition and the pictures accompanying it were brought down to a very 
recent date. Much additional material was added. For the facts herein 
contained, the writer acknowledges his indebtedness to the Exposition's 
Bureau of Publicity and Promotion, to various Exposition officials, the cir- 
culars of the Exhibit Departments, the daily newspapers, etc. The book 
necessarily is a compilation. It is hoped it may serve to intensify interest 
in the Exposition, answering some of the questions that suggest them- 
selves, and stimulating the asking of more questions ; that it may help to 
bring the Exposition to the notice of many persons, and these persons to 
the notice of the Exposition gate-keepers in 1 C X)4. 

Charles m. Kurtz. 




Mr. WALTER B. STEVENS 
Secretary, Louisiana Purchase Exposition 




PALACE OF MINES AND METALLURGY 

(From the Architect's Model) 



THE SAINT LOUIS WORLD'S FAIR 
OF 1904 

IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 
ACQUISITION OF 

THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY 

Until the present time there never has been an International Exposition 
projected on such magnificent scale as the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904. 
It will be greater in extent, more comprehensive in its scope and it promises 
to be more beautiful from the purely spectacular standpoint than any 
Exposition which has preceded it. 

To those who visited the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago 
and remember the wonderful vistas of architecture, sculpture and land- 
scape gardening which contributed to that splendid ensemble, it seems 
almost effrontery to predict that this is to be surpassed at St. Louis in 
1904. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition will lack the great expanse oi 
water-front which added so much to the attractiveness of the Chicago 
Fair, yet, within the grounds, the grouping of the buildings and the 
arrangement of the lagoons and waterways, with the magnificent scheme 
of cascades along the side of the hill which dominates the picture all 
enriched by sculpture and brightened by the color effects of an elaborate 
system of landscape gardening — promise to present a composition actually 
far more beautiful than that afforded by the wonderful ''Court of Honor" 
at Chicago. 

n 




12 



The Event to be Celebrated 

The Louisiana Purchase Exposition will celebrate the centennial of one 
of the most important events in American history — the purchase from 
France of the vast Louisiana Territory— a territory greater in extent and 
in natural resources than that of the original thirteen States. This pur- 
chase, which insured to the United States the control forever of the 
Mississippi River — the greatest natural waterway on earth — was an event 
which was second only in importance to the signing of the Declaration of 
Independence. 

The Louisiana Territory roughly may be described as that great 
tract of land lying between the Mississippi River and the crest of the 
Rocky Mountains. It is more than one million square miles in extent — 
greater than the combined areas of France, Germany, England, Scotland, 
Ireland, Wales, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Spain. The entire 
Mississippi Valley originally belonged to France by right of discovery and 
exploration. In 1767 France transferred her rights west of the Mississippi, 
including the city and island of New Orleans, to Spain, which held the 
same until the year 1800. The territory east of the Mississippi, in the 
same year, 1767, was ceded to Great Britain. Napoleon, in the year 1800 
was First Consul of France, and by the secret treaty of St. Ildefonso 
re-acquired from Spain the old French territory west of the Mississippi. 
The United States, by the Revolutionary War, had won sovereignty over 
the territory between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi. Although 
actually owned by France, Spanish officials were still in authority at New- 
Orleans and the hostile attitude of these personages towards Americans 
navigating the Mississippi resulted in agitation which led President Jeffer- 
son to undertake the purchase of the city and island of New Orleans, in 
order to control the mouth of the Mississippi River. Robert R. Livings- 
ton, United States Minister to France, and James Monroe, afterward 
President of the United States (and the far-seeing author of the "Monroe 
Doctrine")^ were commissioned to conduct the negotiations for this trans- 
fer. Instead of the transfer alone of the island of New Orleans, Napoleon 
— no doubt with the idea of getting rid of a territory which at the time 
yielded no revenue, and which it would be embarassing to defend, as well 
as by reason of great need of funds for the equipment of his armies— pro- 
posed the sale of the entire Louisiana Territory for fifteen million dollars— 
which, at that time, seemed a much larger amount than it would be 

13 






regarded today. The representatives of the United States did not hesi- 
tate to accept the proposition of Napoleon. The treaty was signed at 
Paris, April 30, 1803. The formal transfer of the Territory was made at 
New Orleans, December 20, 1803, and, for Upper Louisiana, at St. Louis, 
March 10, 1804. The holding of this Exposition, therefore, forcibly brings 
to our attention and appreciation the wonderful foresight with which the 




THE OLD CABILDO, New Orleans 



majority of our legislators of a hundred years ago were imbued. And yet, 
at that period, there were many who questioned the wisdom of this pur- 
chase, many who bitterly opposed it, and many who ridiculed it. 

The transfer of the Louisiana Territory at New Orleans was made in 
the historic structure known as "The Old Cabildo"— the seat of the local 
government at the time. This building — which is to the Louisiana 

14 



Territory what Independence Hall is to Pennsylvania and Faneuil Hall to 
Massachusetts — is to be reproduced at St. Louis to serve as the Louisiana 
State Building. 

Results of the Acquisition 

It is a fact that the present greatness of the United States would not 
have been possible without this territory. By this purchase the extent of 
our country was more than doubled, and after this the way was made 
easier for the many additional acquisitions of territory which have given 
the United States a broad, unbroken expanse from the Atlantic to the 
Pacific and have made it possible for this country to become one of the 
great World Powers. From the mere commercial standpoint, the purchase 
of the Louisiana Territory was a wonderful "bargain." This great central 
western region is to-day the most intrinsically valuable portion of the 
United States. Its agricultural resources and mineral wealth are equalled 
in no equivalent extent of territory on The globe. Its population has 
increased from less than one hundred thousand at the period of the 
transfer, to more than fifteen millions to-day ! It has developed in wealth 
and importance with a degree of rapidity and to an extent unparalleled in 
history. The City of St. Louis alone pays every year to the United States 
Government a far larger sum in internal revenue taxes than the entire 
Louisiana Territory cost, and the great Exposition which is to be held in 
the metropolitan city of the territory will have involved an expenditure of 
money, before its completion, amounting to between three and four times 
what was paid for this great section ! 

The City of Saint Louis 

The City of St. Louis, situated on the Mississippi River near the 
junction of the Missouri and Mississippi, is midway between the Atlantic 
and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. It has over 
six hundred thousand population and is the fourth city, in size, in the 
United States. It has an area of sixty-two and one-half square miles, has 
twenty miles of river frontage and contains over eight thousand factories. 
It is the fourth manufacturing city in the world. One of its principal 
streets, Broadway, is over twenty miles long. It has one of the most 
beautiful residence sections of any city in the world— many of the private 

IS 



mansions being palatial in extent and magnificence. They generally are 
surrounded by spacious, handsomely laid-out grounds. It is the terminal 
of twenty-four lines of railroad and has the largest and finest Union Rail- 
way Station in the world. Within 500 miles of St. Louis there is a popu- 
lation of 37,000,000 persons and there are 80,000 miles of railroad. Within 




Map Showing- Comparative Population Centers 



500 miles of Chicago, by the way, there are only 33,000,000 people and 
58,000 miles of railroad. Within the same distance of New York the 
population is only 34,000,000. It will be noted that the Chicago circle, on 
the above map, includes the great lakes, and the New York circle^ a con- 
siderable stretch of the Atlantic Ocean. 



16 



Inception of the Exposition 

The first organized action in contemplation of the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition was taken by the Missouri Historical Society in 1898. In 
response to strong public sentiment, Governor Stevens, of Missouri, called 
a convention of delegates, from the twelve States and two Territories 
embraced in the Louisiana Purchase, to be held in St. Louis, January 10, 
1899. Ninety three delegates, appointed by their respective Governors, 




' < rr*L 



r in in in in mjii WBtim M * 



»i;ii 



»~'ii> vt 



II It 9lli it ill""'! 



THE UNION PASSENGER RAILWAY STATION, Saint Louis 



attended this convention, and unanimously voted to hold an International 
Exposition in St. Louis. 

The Convention proposed that the United States Government be 
invited to assist in the enterprise, and appointed an Executive Committee 
with the Hon. David R. Francis' as chairman. This committee appointed 
a committee of fifty prominent citizens of St. Louis to co operate with it 
and the united body formulated a plan for raising the money to defray the 
expense of the enterprise. The amount to be seemed was fixed at 
$15,000,000 — the amount paid to France by the United States for the 

17 



Louisiana Territory. One-third of this amount was to be raised by private 
subscription, one-third was to be paid by the city and one-third was to be 
asked from the United States Government. The committee was increased to 
200 members and the plan was carried out. Congress passed a bill June 
4, 1900, in which government support and an appropriation of $5,000,000 
were promised if the citizens of St. Louis raised $10,000,000. On January 
12, 1901, the popular subscription of $5,000,000 from the citizens of St. 
Louis was completed, and on January 30, 1901, the Municipal Assembly 
of St. Louis passed an ordinance authorizing the issuance of city bonds to 
the amount of $5,000,000. The bill appropriating $5,000,000 was passed by 
the House of Representatives February 9th, and by the United States Senate 
March 3, 1901.* President McKinley signed the bill immediately, and 
appointed the National Commission of nine members March 12th. t On 
the 20th of August, 1901, the President issued a proclamation addressed to 
all the nations of the world, inviting them to participate in the World's 
Fair at St. Louis. This invitation was sent through the Department of 
State of the United States to the chief magistrates of all governments. 
The acceptances received indicated the official participation of nearly all the 
civilized governments of the world. 

Congress later appropriated 51,500,000 for a Government Exhibit. 
The State of Missouri made an appropriation of $1,000,000 and many of the 
States of the Union have voted sums for State representation. Altogether 
over S23, 000,000 have been appropriated for the Exposition thus far, and it 
is believed that the total amount which will be expended by the various 
participants in this stupendous enterprise will reach between forty and 
sixty millions! Nearly all the States of the Union and twenty-eight foreign 
governments have taken favorable action looking to adequate representa- 
tion of their products and resources, and evidences of their intellectual, 
moral and material advancement. Exhibit space already has been assigned 
to many countries and sites have been allotted for State and foreign 
buildings. The construction of the Exposition is well under way and is 
advancing rapidly. Several of the great exhibit palaces already are under 

* This Act provides "for celebrating the one-hundredth anniversary of the pur- 
chase of the Louisiana! 'erritory by the United States, by holding an international 
exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures and the products of the soil, mine, 
forest and sea, in the City of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri." 

\See Appendix for names of these National Commissioners. 

18 



roof, and today views in various parts of the Exposition grounds give 
impressive effect to the promise that has been made— that this Exposition 
will surpass, in the splendor, dignity and beauty of its palaces, grounds 
and vistas, any other Exposition which has been held thus far in the 
history of the world! 

Mere figures convey little idea to the average mind, but when a few 
comparisons are instituted between this Exposition and other Expositions 




THE CITY HALL, Saint Louis 



with which most persons are familiar, one gains a somewhat adequate 
idea of the greatness of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition scheme. 

Up to this time, the greatest exposition of which there is historical 
record was the World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago, in 1893. 
There were in the Chicago Exposition grounds — including the Midway 
633 acres. The grounds of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition include 
1180 acres, constituting a great parallelogram about one mile wide and two 

19 



miles long — nearly double the area of the grounds at Chicago. The areas 
under roof at various expositions of the past were as follows : 

In London, in 1851, - 21 acres were covered; 

In Paris, in 1867, - - 37 acres were covered; 

In Philadelphia, in 1876, 56 acres were covered; 

In Paris, in 1889, - - 75 acres were covered; 

In Chicago, in 1893, - ZOO acres were covered; 

In Paris, in 1900, - - 125 acres were covered; 
In St. Louis, in 1904, over 250 acres will be covered with buildings. 

The Louisiana Purchase Exposition will cover more ground than the 
Columbian Exposition, the last Paris Exposition and the Pan-American 
Exposition combined! Two rows of the exhibit buildings — four in each 
row — extend for one mile on either side of one of the main avenues ! 
Twenty-five acres of ground are devoted to live-stock pavilions. There 
will be" several hundred acres devoted to agricultural, arboricultural, horti- 
cultural and mineralogical exhibits outside the exhibit palaces. The 
Philippine exhibit will cover over forty acres and will cost over half a 
million dollars, and there will be extensive exhibits from Alaska, Porto 
Rico, Hawaii, Tutuila and Guam, requiring many acres of space. There 
will be more than two hundred and fifty original groups of sculpture in the 
grounds, comprising about one thousand figures. One hundred miles of 
wooden conduit have been provided for the electric lines. There will be 
more than one thousand miles of electric wires and over five hundred 
thousand electric lights. The intramural railroad will be over nine miles 
long. These are only a few selections from a mass of statistics of almost 
apalling magnitude. 

The Greatest, and, beyond that, the Best 

And yet, the idea of holding the most extensive exposition thus far in 
the history of the world is not the predominating consideration. In every 
department of the Division of Exhibits the aim is to secure productions of 
high character and to install them in a dignified and impressive manner, 
rather than to crowd the structures with exhibits of inferior average 
quality with resulting indifferent effect. Owing to the very comprehen- 
sive classification, and to the fact that the exhibit-field has increased tre- 
mendously in almost every department of human activity (through new 
inventions and wider application of the forces and products of Nature), 
far more space is required than ever before to fairly represent the world's 
status in the varied arts and multiplied phases of science. 

20 



The late President McKinley, in an address delivered shortly before 
his untimely death, spoke of Universal Expositions as the "milestones 
along the highway of human progress." The real Exposition does mark 
an epoch. The Centennial Exposition of 1876 was a revelation to Amer- 
icans. It was followed by a national industrial awakening, and was a 
strong stimulus to our artists and art-workers. It may be looked upon 




THE SAINT LOUIS MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS 



as the beginning of the real' artistic development of our people. The 
Columbian Exposition of 1893 undoubtedly was a great influence in 
developing the appreciation of the beautiful. The splendid effect produced 
by the ensemble of the buildings and grounds has had marked influence 
upon many of our municipalities, and the beauty of the harmonized 

21 






architecture and decoration of many of the structures has been echoed 
in numerous important public buildings and private residences which have 
been erected in this country since that time. For the first time in the 
history of the country, architects, sculptors, painters and landscape 
gardeners worked together in absolute harmony to produce a fine, thought- 
fully-planned result. Our new Library of Congress was one of the first 
great public works which may be said to have been descended from the 
Columbian Exposition. The Boston Public Library was another. 




Avenue through the Wilderness— Exposition Site 



Primarily, the object of an Exposition may be assumed to be educa- 
tional. By assembling together productions of various kinds from all 
portions of the globe, opportunity is afforded for study and comparison. 
Each exhibitor may learn something from almost every other exhibitor in 
his class which may be to his advantage and which may lead to the 
improvement of that which he produces, whether it be in the domain of 
art or manufacture. At the same time, the general visitor to the Exposi- 

22 



tion likewise may gain new ideas and may correct impressions that have 
been formed upon insufficient or erroneous data. 

The measure of the value of an International Exposition is determined 
by the number of important countries represented by exhibits, the charac- 
teristic and comprehensive nature of these exhibits and their excellence in 
quality according to the standards of the countries from which they come. 

Thus far, as has been said, twenty-eight foreign Governments have 
announced their intention to participate in the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- 
tion. Great Britain, France and Germany already have appointed Commis- 




Rustic Bridge — Exposition Site 



sioners. The French and German Commissioners have visited St. Louis 
and have selected sites for their Government buildings. The French 
Government building is to be a reproduction of the Grand Trianon, at 
Versailles. In several countries, where the Governments have not \ et 
taken action in the matter of participation, committees have been formed to 
look after the organization of exhibits in various-lines of effort. All the 
Central and South American countries have consented to participate, and 
Japan, China, Corea, Siam, Persia and other Eastern countries have 

23 



appointed Commissions. It is believed that almost every European nation 
will have part in the Exposition officially, and the few not officially taking 
part will be represented unofficially. 

The World's Fair at St. Louis will differ in many respects from 
Expositions of the past. In scope, it will be as broad and comprehensive as 
the efforts of mankind. Not only will the products of human genius and 




The Wilderness Partially Cleared 



activity be classified and displayed in orderly arrangement, but it is 
intended that this Exposition shall be one of life and motion. Alongside 
the finished product will be shown the methods and processes by which 
articles are produced. Vast systems of machinery will be in operation. 
Skilful artisans will be occupied in difficult and intricate employments. 
Men and women will be brought from the many countries of the world to 

24 



carry on native industries in order that the visitor may gain a correct 
knowledge of what different peoples are doing in different lines of effort. 
It is the aim of the Exhibit Departments to present accurately and in 
detail the latest developments of the various arts and industries, thus 
giving each exhibit especial value as an educational display. By innu- 
merable object lessons the Exposition will teach, in the most practical man- 
ner, that which any seeker after knowledge may wish to learn of the 
world's activities. 




Site of the Wilderness— A Few Months Later 



A system of Congresses has been projected, at which leading expo- 
nents of the various arts and sciences will meet to discuss the great prob- 
lems of their respective fields of investigation and effort. Undoubtedly 
new societies and organizations will grow out of these Congresses leading 
to the closer association of the great minds of the world. 

In addition to the educational features of the Exposition there will be 
attractions purely for the entertainment and recreation of visitors. Those 
will be referred to later on. 

25 



The beautiful site of the Exposition was chosen June 25, 1901. It is 
six miles west of the Mississippi River at the western limits of St. Louis, 
and embraces the west half of Forest Park and adjacent lands. No Expo- 
sition has had a more beautiful site. Its hills and shallow valleys give it 
many charming vistas and landscape features such as have been involved 
in no previous Exposition lay-out. Portions of the grounds are covered 




Region of State Buildings 



with tall trees, among which will be placed the various State buildings and 
other structures. These delightful groves will constitute restful retreats 
for visitors when seeking diversion from sight-seeing. 

The principal exhibit palaces are located where was what was called 
"The Wilderness" in Forest Park — a stretch of rolling country where a 
dense forest rose out of a mass of tangled undergrowth in which many 
wild denizens of the woods found refuge. The River des Peres stole 

26 



through in zig-zag course, adding much to the beauty of the region. Until 
the Exposition forces advanced upon it, "the wilderness'' constituted a 
feature of the park unparalleled in the pleasure-grounds of any other city. 
In the midst of this "wilderness" one might have imagined himself 
hundreds of miles away from the great municipality. 

The clearing of the Exposition site was begun in June, 1901. The 
first stake for the location of the buildings was driven September 3, 1901, 








FESTIVAL HALL— From the Architect's Model 



and the earth was first broken by President Francis December 20, of the 
same year. Work on the Varied Industries Building— the first exhibit 
structure to be erected — was begun February 20, 1 ( >02. 

A series of views of this section of the Exposition tract would be 
interesting, as showing the wonderful advancement of the work from 
month to month. In considerably less than a year from the date of the 
picture showing the partially cleared site, four of the principal Exhibit 

27 




28 



Palaces presented the aspect of nearly completed structures, and the former 
"wilderness" had the effect of a central portion of some great capitoJ city. 
The plan of the central portion of the Exposition Grounds suggests 
the lines of a fan. From a central point on the summit of a dominating 
hill— where will stand the splendid Festival Hall in the center of the 
imposing semi-circular Colonnade of the States -radiating avenues on the 
plane below are bordered by great Exhibit Palaces. The face of the hill- 
side is to be terraced, and there will be three series of cascades, each 
bordered by fanciful sculptural groups and suggesting somewhat— though 




Ground Plan of the Cascade Gardens 



on a far grander scale — the famous cascades at St. Cloud, near Paris. At the 
foot of the hill the Grand Basin with its fountains will reflect the picture. 
At night here will be spectacular electric illuminations which promise to 
far surpass anything presented at Chicago, Paris or Buffalo. From the 
Grand Basin, transverse lagoons will stretch through the main avenue 
between the Exhibit Palaces, giving a course more than a mile in length. 
The Colonnade of the States at the crest of the hill will be fifty-two 
feet high and more than a quarter of a mile in length. Here will be placed 
sculptural groups symbolical of the twelve States and two Territories 

20 







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z 



- 






- 



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* \ 



< 
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tu 



30 



formed from the Louisiana Purchase. The Festival Hall in the center 
will be one of the most ornate of the Exposition structures. It will be two 
hundred feet high — surmounted by an impressive dome commanding a 
superb view of the Exposition activities. It will cover more than two 
acres. At the ends of the great Colonnade will be circular restaurant 
pavilions, each more than one hundred feet high, surmounted by domes 
echoing somewhat the great central dome. Beyond the Colonnade, on 
the top of the hill, isolated from the other Exhibit Palaces and some 
seventy feet higher, will stand the Art Palace. 

This magnificent central scheme includes in one view the two particu- 
larly impressive features of the Court of Honor at Chicago. The Festival 
Hall is the equivalent of the Administration Building at one end, and the 
Colonnade recalls the lovely Peristyle at the other end of the Grand Basin 
at the Columbian Exposition. The curved lines of the Colonnade also at 
once suggest the majestic approach of St. Peter's at Rome. 

The projected arrangements for illuminating at night the Festival Hall, 
the Colonnade, the Cascades and the stately Exhibit Palaces bordering upon 
the lagoons, in addition to the many-colored and constantly changing elec- 
trical fountains in the Grand Basin, will afford a spectacle of such brilliance 
as never in this world has been seen before ! 

*§f 

After the plans for the Exposition had been somewhat developed, it was 
found that the vast provision of space at hand would be entirely inadequate. 
The scheme gradually had expanded until more room was an Imperative 
necessity. 

The Washington University of St. Louis had purchased a large terri- 
tory just west of the Exposition grounds and already had begun the erection 
of the great quadrangles which were to constitute one of the finest university 
plants in the world, at a cost of several millions of dollars. 

It was most fortunate, therefore, that the Exposition authorities were 
able to lease the University tract for the period of the Exposition. The 
already completed buildings at 'once were utilized for Exposition purposes. 
The eastern structure became the Administration Building oi the World's 
Fair. 

Here are installed the offices of the President, the Director oi Exhibits. 
the Exhibit Departments, etc. In adjoining buildings are the offices o\ the 

31 



Director of Works and his staff, restaurants, service rooms, etc. Other 
buildings belonging to the University are in process of erection. The 
University Library, which is to be used as the Hall of the International 
Congresses, is now almost completed. Busch Hall and Cupples Halls 
Nos. 1 and 2 have been finished and occupied for exposition purposes for 
some time. 




ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 
(of the Washing-ton University Group) 



The Makers of the Exposition 

At this point it is well to make some reference to the men who are to 
carry out this great work. As at Chicago, there are here two great 
governing organizations, the United States Government Commission and 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company. The former body is super- 
visory. The latter has direct charge of the organization, building and 
maintenance of the Exposition. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
Company was incorporated April 24, 1901. Its Directors include ninety- 

32 



three of the most successful, liberal and broad-minded business men of 
St. Louis. The various committees of the Directory have been formed with 
special regard to the peculiar fitness of the men who serve upon them. 
The head of this organization is Governor David R. Francis, who, as 
President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, is Chairman of the 
Executive Committee of the Corporation. 

President David R. Francis 

(Frontispiece Portrait) 

The selection of Governor Francis as the head of the Exposition 
organization was a foregone conclusion from the moment the Exposition 
project was broached. There is perhaps no man in the Louisiana Purchase 
of wider reputation or greater popularity. He is a native of Kentucky, a 
descendent of a prominent old Virginia family. He was graduated by 
Washington University, St. Louis, in 1870 and immediately entered upon 
a commercial career in the City of St. Louis, in which he has been most 
successful. He has been Mayor of the City of St. Louis, Governor of the 
State of Missouri and was Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of 
President Cleveland during his second term. In all these positions the 
public services which he rendered were of the most valuable character. 
He is a man of tremendous energy, of genial personality and is giving his 
whole attention to the direction of this great work, the success of which 
will be in large part a testimony to his intelligent and tireless devotion. 

Governor Francis attracted the attention and evoked the admiration 
of the civilized world by his meteoric visit to Europe in the interests of the 
Exposition during the latter part of February and the early part of March, 
1903. Arriving in Europe February 21st, in the succeeding seventeen 
days he visited London, Paris, Madrid, Berlin and Brussels, was granted 
private audiences by the King of England, the Emperor of Germany, the 
King of Belgium, the President of France and the Prime Minister of Spain 
and attended numerous dinners, receptions and other functions, at which 
he so effectively presented the claims of the Exposition that renewed 
enthusiasm was aroused, not only in each country visited, but in the 
remainder of Europe. Even in our own country the Exposition was given 
a degree of publicity beyond anything which it had enjoyed up to that time. 

After the President of the Exposition, two of the men who carry the 
greatest burdens of responsibility are the Director of Works, who lias 
general charge of the construction of the buildings and the laying out o\ 

33 




Mr. ISAAC S. TAYLOR 
Director of Works 



the grounds, and the Director of Exhibits, who is commander-in-chief of 
the heads of the various Exhibit Departments. 

Director-of-Works Taylor 

Mr. Isaac S. Taylor, the Exposition Director of Works, is a native of 
Tennessee. He was graduated by the St. Louis University in 1868 with 
class Honors. For a number of years he was associated with one of the 
leading architects of St. Louis, but in 1879 withdrew from the firm and 
since has been in business for himself. Many of the most noteworthy 
structures in St. Louis were designed by Mr. Taylor, including the 
Southern and Planters Hotels, some of the most important office buildings, 
the great newspaper buildings of the Globe-Democrat and the Republic, 
the Public Library building, etc. The principal characteristics of Mr. 
Taylor's architectural work are solidity and dignity. He is a man of strong 
decision of character, of practical business ^ense and, like the President of 
the Exposition, is an indefatigable worker. 

Secretary Stevens 

(Portrait, page 10) 

Another gentleman whose services are of a high degree of importance 
in the work of the Exposition is Mr. Walter B. Stevens, Secretary, who 
keeps constantly in touch with all the various forces contributing to the 
undertaking. Mr. Stevens is a native of Connecticut, but his parents 
moved to the West when he was a child. He attended school at Peoria, 
111., and was graduated by Michigan University at Ann Arbor. Immedi- 
ately thereafter he became a reporter on The Times, of St. Louis, subse- 
quently being connected with the "Dispatch, the Times-Journal and the 
Globe-TDemocrat of the same city. After serving as City Editor of the 
Globe-Democrat and staff correspondent of the paper, he was made its 
Washington correspondent, in 1885, by the late J. B. McCullagh. In 
that important position for sixteen years, he was brought into close rela- 
tions with public men. Between sessions of Congress, Mr. Stevens wrote 
many series of signed articles on subjects he was commissioned to investi- 
gate, and a large amount of special correspondence. The signature 
"W. B. S." is to every American newspaper man a guarantee that the 
matter is at once readable and trustworthy. Mr. Stevens is a man of 
energy, initiative and resourcefulness, and his work, though less apparent 
to the average person than that of some of his co-laborers, nevertheless is 
a most important contribution to the great result. 

35 




Mr. FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF 
Director of Exhibits 



Director-of-Exhibits Skiff 

Mr. Frederick J. V. Skiff, the Director of Exhibits of the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition, is a native of Massachusetts. He lived for some 
years in Springfield, Mass., and in Brooklyn, N. Y. He adopted journal- 
ism as a profession, for some time was engaged in newspaper work at 
Lawrence, Kan., and later resided in Colorado. There he became manager 
of The Ttenver Tribune. In 1889 and 1890 he was State Commis- 
sioner of Immigration for Colorado and supervised the State exhibits at 
Expositions held in Chicago and St. Louis during those years. In 1890 
President Harrison appointed him one of the National Commissioners 
to the World's Columbian Exposition. Subsequently he resigned this 
responsibility to become Chief of the Department of Mines and Mining of 
that Exposition, and later was appointed Deputy Director-General. At 
the close of the Columbian Exposition, he was appointed Director-in-Chief 
of the Field Columbian Museum, which position he still holds. This 
Museum, devoted for the most part to exhibits of Natural Science and 
Anthropology, already has become one of the foremost scientific museums 
of the world. By consent of the Field Museum Trustees, Mr. Skiff 
accepted the important position of Director-in-Chief of Exhibits of the 
United States Commission to the Paris Exposition of 1900. In recogni- 
tion of the value of his services at Paris, he was made an Officer of the 
Legion of Honor by the French Government. Mr. Skiff also has received 
medals from France and Germany in recognition of his meritorious services 
in connection with Exposition work. He is a member of various scientific 
societies in this country and abroad and has wide reputation for his ability 
as an organizer and director in Exposition work. Mr. Skiff is a man of 
ambition, enthusiasm, decision and energy. Under him there are enlisted 
at the present time nine Chiefs of Departments and two Assistant Chiefs. 
These gentlemen nearly all have had previous experience in Exposition 
work, and for the most part are men of reputation for successful achieve- 
ment in their respective lines of effort. They will be particularly referred 
to in connection with the notices of the Departments of which they are in 
charge. 

Department of Education 

Following the order of the Exposition's General Classification, the 
first Exhibit Department to engage attention is that devoted to Education. 



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38 



This is made the first department of the classification, in accordance with 
the theory upon which the entire Exposition is founded : that through educa- 
tion man comes to a knowledge of his 
powers and of the possibilities of life, 

and that upon it are dependent the ^^^^^^^^m 

processes which extend throughout all 
fields of industry. 

The object of the Educational 
Exhibit is to systematically present all 
phases of education in the United 
States and in foreign countries so that 
they adequately may be investigated 
and compared. 

In the Education Building will 
be shown methods of elementary 
instruction, such as kindergardens, eve- 
ning and vacation schools ; secondary 



Mr. Howard J. Rogers 

Chief of Departments of Education 

and Social Economy and Director 

of International Congresses 





Corner of Palace of Education 



education, including exhibits 
from high-schools, academies, 
manual training and commer- 
cial high-schools; and higher 
education, including univer- 
sity work, special education 
in art, agriculture, commerce 
and industry ; the education 
of defectives, special forms 
of education, textbooks, 
school furniture, models and 
plans of] educational build- 
ings. 



39 




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The Chief of the Department of Education is Mr. Howard J. Rogers, 
a native of New York, who was Superintendent of the Educational Exhibit 
of the State of New York, at the World's Columbian Exposition, and 
was Director of the Department of Education and Social Economy for the 
American Section at the Paris Exposition of 1900. Mr. Rogers is a gradu- 
ate of Williams College, and for many years was Deputy State Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction of the State of New York. At the close of 
the Paris Exposition he received from the French Government the decora- 
tion of the Order of the Legion of Honor. Recently Mr. Rogers has been 
appointed Director of the International Congresses of the Exposition— to 
which reference already has been made. He also has been made Chief of 
the Department of Social Economy. 

Department of Art 

The Department of Art is second in order in the general classification 
of exhibit departments, upon the theory that, next after Education — the 
essential — comes the cultivation of appreciation of the beautiful — in other 
words the development of good taste. 

The Department of Art was the first of the exhibit departments to be 
organized. Professor HalseyC. Ives, of St. Louis, was appointed Chief of 
the Department, and Mr. Charles M. Kurtz, of New York, was appointed 
Assistant-Chief. The Department of Fine Arts of the World's Columbian 
Exposition at Chicago was under identically the same direction. 

Naturally it was desired by the heads of the Department to organize an 
exhibit which should surpass, if possible, the Art exhibits at the Chicago 
and Paris Expositions. To accomplish this result, it was believed that 
a broader Art classification than had prevailed hitherto at International 
Expositions was a prime necessity, inasmuch as thereby the general scope 
of the exhibit would be largely increased, the diversity of exhibits would be 
greater and a larger constituency of Exposition visitors would be appealed to. 

The Exposition authorities adopted the new classifiation which was 
prepared. In it is involved a recognition of the fact that there should be no 
distinction between what commonly has been considered as l4 Fine Art" and 
that which has been termed " Industrial Art." It is affirmed that all art 
work, whether on canvas, in marble, plaster, wood, metal, glass, porcelain, 
textile or other material— when the artist-producer has worked with com ic- 
tion and knowledge— is equally deserving of respect in proportion as it is 

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worthy from the standpoints of inspiration and technique. The classifica- 
tion of the Department of Art includes paintings, cartoons, drawings, archi- 
tecture, sculpture, decoration and original objects of art-workmanship. 

In the Department of Art there will be two general divisions, contem- 
poraneous and retrospective. Works in the Contemporaneous Division 
will be such as have been produced since 1892— the close of the period 
covered by the contemporaneous exhibit of the Chicago Exposition of 1893. 
All works in the Contemporaneous Division are eligible to compete for 
awards. The Retrospective Division will include works produced between 
1803 and 1892— or the production of artists who lived within this period 
whose works influenced the development of the art of the past century. 
In the United States Section, the division devoted to especially interesting 
works borrowed from institutions and private owners will cover periods 
other than the above. In this division, it is desired to exhibit only master 
works of the highest artistic character. 

The distinction between art objects eligible for exhibition in the Depart- 
ment of Art, and those which may be shown in the Departments of Manu- 
factures and Liberal Arts, lies in the fact that in the former Art must be the 
predominating feature and the object must be the original work of the 
artist and not a reproduction by another hand or the result of any mechanical 
process. Works will be admitted to the Department of Art by various 
Juries of Selection chosen from those who are believed to be most competent 
to judge of the merit of the works offered for exhibition. 

For the first time at an International Exposition, special galleries will 
be provided for the installation of models of buildings, sculptural decora- 
tions, mural paintings, wood carvings, pyrographic designs, mosaics. 
leaded and mosaic glass, etc., and as an illustration of the breadth of inter- 
pretation of the classification, any structures erected upon the Exposition 
grounds, and also their sculptural, pictorial, decorative or other artistic 
details, severally may be entered in competition for such awards as may be 
conferred by the Exposition authorities, provided, of course, such struc- 
tures or decorative details be accepted as exhibits by the proper jury of 
selection. It is to be understood also, in all cases, that the honors accorded 
at this Exposition, are to be given the men who actually do the work. 
and not to the firms employing such men. The firm, in such case, may 
receive credit as the exhibitor and may receive an award for its assemblage 
of exhibits — though this award would come from another department than 
that of Art. 

4.-; 




44 



Before the architect had been given the commission for the Art build- 
ing, the authorities of the Department demanded that four conditions be 
kept in mind as of the highest importance: first, that the galleries be 
adequately. lighted; second, that they be well ventilated; third, that all 
galleries and passages be so arranged as to afford the free circulation of 
large numbers of visitors without danger of congestion; and fourth, that 
the buildings be absolutely fire-proof. In one very important particular the 
Art Palace will differ from the art build- 
ings at Chicago and Paris — here all the 
exhibits will be installed upon one floor 
— there will be no balconies and no long 
staircases to ascend and descend. Con- 
sidering that there will be 136 galleries, in 
which will be installed paintings, engrav- 
ings, carvings and other works, besides_ 
the great International Sculpture Court, 
numerous special galleries and alcoves for 
sculptural decoration, mural paintings and 
for exhibits in the applied arts, the fact 
that all this is to be shown on a single 
floor means a great deal to the visitor. In 
the galleries devoted to the exhibition of 
paintings, it is hoped that the exhibits may 
be installed so as to avoid undue crowding 
of the walls, in order that every picture 
may be seen to the best possible advan- 
tage. 

Professor Halsey C. Ives was born at Havana (now Montour Falls), 
N. Y., in 1847. At the age of seventeen he entered the Government ser- 
vice (during the war of the Rebellion) as a draughtsman. Later, for several 
years, he was a student of Art in different cities of this country and 
Europe. One of his instructors was the Polish artist, Piatowski, :\nd 
he attended lectures in the schools of the South Kensington Museum, 
London. After this he followed landscape painting and decorative work, 
traveling extensively. In 1875, after a sojourn in Mexico, he visited 
St. Louis and became an instructor in the Polytechnic Department of Wash- 
ington University, later becoming a member oi the faculty of that institu- 
tion. Through his instrumentality, the St. Louis School o\ Line Vrts was 




Professor Halsey C. Ives 

Chief, Department of Art 



45 




4b 



established- Professor Ives was made its Director. In 1881, the St. Louis 
Museum of Fine Arts was founded. Professor Ives has had charge of 
the Museum, as well as the School, since the foundation of each. For 
many years he has been in touch with the leading artists and Art- 
officials of Europe. He has been connected in an advisory or executive 
capacity with five International Expositions and twice has been sent abroad 
on Government commissions. In recognition of his services in promoting 
the interests of Art, Professor Ives has received decorations from two 
European Sovereigns; the "Order of the Vasa" from King Oscar of Sweden 
and Norway, and the "Order of the Dannebrog" from King Christian of 
Denmark. He also has received testimonials of commendation from the 
Governments of Germany, France and Japan, 

Department of Liberal Arts 

The Department of Liberal Arts embraces thirteen groups in its 
classification, including typography, photography, books and publications, 
maps, instruments of precision, philosophical apparatus, coins and medals, 
medicine and surgery, pharmaceutical arts, musical instruments, theatrical 
appliances and equipment, manufacture of paper, civil and military 
engineering, plans for public works, architectural engineering, etc. 

The Palace of Liberal Arts is 750 feet long, 525 feet wide and covers 
about nine acres. It will cost about $500,000. It was designed by Messrs. 
Barnett, Haynes & Barnett, of St. Louis. The style of its architecture, as 
described by its designers, is a severe treatment of the French Renaissance 
for the exterior facades. The treatment, indeed, embodies rather a feeling 
of the classic than of the pure Renaissance. It has been the endeavor oi 
the architects to depend largely upon sculpture in the decoration of the 
building, refraining from overuse of stereotyped architectural ornamenta- 
tion. On the main facades are three entrances and on the end facades 
two entrances — one in each of the end pavilions. The main entrance will 
be in the form of a hemi-cycle, with circular colonnades. The ceiling of 
this hemi-cycle will be frescoed on a background of old gold. In the 
treatment of the exterior there will be a broad allegorical processional 
frieze on the interior walls of the exterior loggias. These mural paintings 
will be executed on a background of old gold. The building is to be con- 
structed without interior columns, the exhibit space being spanned by a 
great truss. 

47 



The Chief of the Department of Liberal Arts is Colonel John A. 
Ockerson, a native of Sweden, who, however, was brought to this country 
as an infant. He is a graduate of the University of Illinois in civil and 

mining engineering, and has been 
engaged variously since 1871 in the 
topographical and hydrographical work 
of the United States Government. For 
some time he has been United States 
Commissioner for the Mississippi 
River Improvement. He was a mem- 
ber of the International Jury of 
Awards at the Paris Exposition in 
1900, and was also United States 
delegate to the International Con- 
gress on Merchant Marine and Naviga- 
tion held at Paris in 1900. For these 
services he was accorded the decora- 
tion of the Legion of Honor by the 
French Government. He is a promi- 
nent member of the American Society 
of Civil Engineers and of the Engi- 
a frequent contributor to engineering 




Col. John A. Ockerson 
Chief, Department of Liberal Arts 



neer's Club of St. Louis, and is 
publications at home and abroad. 



Manufactures and Varied Industries 



As one enters the Exposition grounds at what probably will be the 
main entrance, as he stands facing the Grand Basin and terraced hillside 
with its cascades, the exhibit palaces at his left and right are respectively 
devoted to Manufactures and the Varied Industries. These are sections 
of one great Department — the largest in the general classification — 
comprising thirty-four extensive groups, including stationery, cutlery, 
silversmiths' and goldsmiths' wares, articles in bronze, cast-iron, wrought- 
iron, furniture, carpets, rugs, wall-papers, watches and clocks, brushes* 
leather-work, traveling requisites, toys, hardware, earthenware, glass and 

48 



crystal, fabrics, laces, embroideries, silks, furs, clothing, heating and ven- 
tilating devices — in short, nearly all such objects as one finds in the great 
emporiums of general trade. In addition, the processes and methods of 
manufacturing many of the exhibits will be shown by machines in opera- 
tion. In the Palace of Manufactures will be installed exhibits of a purely 
commercial character — of utilitarian nature. In the Palace of Varied Indus- 
tries will be shown works involving something of industrial art — in which 
attractive appearance is a factor. 

At Chicago, the great Manufactures Building on the lake front really 
housed departments that at this Exposition are to occupy four separate 
buildings — namely, Manufactures, Varied Industries, Liberal Arts and 
Education. While the Chicago Manufactures Building was the largest 





w «■..-£ ■•«■*,«*£* r Visa*** .,~4' t - > *,\<3£ 



PALACE OF MANUFACTURES 




structure ever erected — covering about thirty and one-half acres the pal- 
aces at St. Louis devoted to Manufactures, Varied Industries, Liberal Arts 
and Education together cover forty-six acres— over fifty percent more space 
than had the Manufactures Building at Chicago. Moreover, in the separate 
buildings, these exhibits of different character can be arranged and studied 
to far better advantage than when crowded into a'single structure. 

The Palace of Manufactures is of the Corinthian order oi architecture 
and faces the entrance to the main boulevard of the Exposition. It has a 



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frontage on the north of 1200 feet, with a depth of 525 feet on the boule- 
vard, and covers about 14 acres. The architects are Messrs. Carrere & 
Hastings, of New York. There are imposing entrances at the centers of 
the main facades, and originally a tower 400 feet in height was planned to 
stand at the angle in the main facade facing north. Later, it was con- 
sidered that the tout ensemble of the Exposition would be improved by the 
elimination of this tower and a corresponding tower on the Varied Indus- 
tries Building. The four main entrances will be elaborately ornamented 
with sculptural groups, etc. This struct- 
ure is to cost nearly $720,000. 

The Palace of Varied Industries 
is of nearly identical dimensions with 
the Palace of Manufactures. It also 
covers about 14 acres. The exterior 
shows an almost continuous line of 
colonnade. The structure was to have 
had a tower some 350 feet in height, 
but upon a general revision of the 
plans, it was eliminated, like that of 
the Manufactures Building. There are 
corner pavilions, monumental main 
entrances at the east and west fronts, 
with small turrets flanking the principal 
entrances and a portico in the center. 
This building, designed by Messrs. Van 
Brunt & Howe, of Kansas City, and 
which is to cost $620,000, is almost 
completed. 

The Department of Manufactures and Varied Industries is under the 
direction of Mr. Milan H. Hulbert of New York, a native oi Brooklyn, 
N. Y., a graduate of the Brooklyn Polytechnic and Collegiate Institute. 
and a man of experience in exposition affairs. Early in life entering upon 
a business career, he organized at various expositions the exhibits o\ firms 
of which he was a member. He was Director of the Department ^\ 
Varied Industries for the United States Commission to the Paris Exposition 
of 1900, and was a member of the International Jury o\ Awards. Vs 




Mr. Milan H Hulbert 
Chief, Department of Manufactures 



51 



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a tribute to his efficiency, he was given the decoration of the Legion of 
Honor by the French Government. 

Department of Machinery 

The Department of Machinery will show the tremendous advance that 
has been made in the various kinds of engines, motors, general machinery 
and in machine tools during recent years. It is stated that no line of 
industry in this country shows greater, 
if as great, progress since the period 
of the Columbian Exposition at 
Chicago. The classification covers 
motive power and its transmission, 
the different varieties of steam, gas and 
petroleum engines, hydraulic machin- 
ery, fire engines, air motors, apparatus _ 
for measuring the work of machines, 
tools for working in metal, in wood, 
arsenal tools, etc., etc. 

The Chief of the Department of 
Machinery is Mr. Thomas M. Moore, 
a native of New York City and a 
graduate of Rutger's College, Bruns- 
wick, N. J. Immediately after his 
graduation he joined the firm of his Thomas M. Moore 

father, in New York, manufacturers Chief , Department of Machinery 

of agricultural implements, and in the 

interests of that business visited almost every country in the world — tra\ - 
eling extensively in South America, Mexico, Europe, Africa and the West 
Indies. Mr. Moore had charge of the Transportation, Machinery, Agricul- 
tural Implement, Graphic Arts and Ordnance Departments of the Pan- 
American Exposition at Buffalo — which departments contained ne arl\ 
one-half of the total number of exhibits. 

Department of Electricity 

The Department of Electricity vies with that of Machinery in the 
possibility of making a great exhibit of recent achievements in application 

53 





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and appliances. Here will be shown all types of electric generators, mot' >rs, 
transformers* etc., electric-lighting devices, telegraph and telephone systems 
and instruments, electric heating, the developments of electro-chemistry, etc. 
Certain of the exhibits will be in the highest degree spectacular. 

The Chief of the Department of Electricity is Professor W. E. Golds- 
borough, recently Professor of Electrical Engineering at Purdue Univer- 
sity, Indiana. Professor Goldsborough is a native of Baltimore, Md., and a 
graduate of Cornell University, with 
the degree of Mechanical Engineer. 
For a time he had charge of the elec- 
trical work of the Scranton, Pa., Corre- 
spondence School, and later was made 
Professor of Electrical Engineering at 
Arkansas University. He was elected 
Director of Electrical Engineering for 
the University in 1897. He was a - 
member of the International Electrical 
Congress at Chicago, was present at 
the electrical gatherings at the expo- 
sitions at Omaha and Buffalo and was 
one of the delegates of the American 
Institute of Engineers at the Paris 
Exposition of 1900. He is a member of 
the American Institute of Electrical 
Engineers, the Institute of Electrical 
Engineers of England, the Franklin 
Institute, the American Association for 

the Advancement of Science, and the Society for the Promotion o\ Engineer- 
ing Education. 




Prof. w. e. Golds bo roi gh 
Chief, Department of Electricity 



Department of Transportation. 

Modern methods of transportation which have revolutionized the 
entire world — which have changed entirely old relationships of distance 
and time and have done much toward making all mankind one great 
family — have had their inception since the event which is to be celebrated 
by the Louisiana Purchase' Exposition. And that the vast territory pur- 
chased from France in 1803 has become so rich and powerful is due largely 




PALACE OF ELECTRICITY— From a Drawing 



to railways and steamboats. In 1803, the Territory practically had only 
the flat-boat and the pack-horse. Today it has 65,000 miles of rail- 
way, great fleets upon its rivers, and telegraph, telephone and trolley wires 
weaving a close network over its surface. It is quite appropriate, there- 
fore, that one of the largest of the Exposition palaces should be devoted 
to transportation exhibits. 

The Palace of Transportation, designed by Mr. E. L. Masqueray, of 
the Exposition Division of Works, is to be 1300 feet long by 525 feet 
wide. It will cover over sixteen acres and will cost more than $700,000. 
The facades of this building show a pleasing adaptation of the French 
Renaissance. More than anything else it suggests a great railway station. 
On the east and west fronts are three enormous arches which embrace 

56 



over one-half of the entire facade. Each of these is sixty-four feet wide 
and fifty-two feet high. Through these archways, fourteen permanent 
railway tracks will run through the structure, which will contain over four 
miles of track. The massive archways of the ends are repeated on the 
north and south fronts, and agreeably break the long facade. The deco- 
rative effect mainly is dependent upon the impressive massing of large 
details; the general treatment is simple and direct. 

In the Department of Transportation will be installed all forms of 
locomotives, railway cars and equipment, automobiles, cycles, carriages, 
saddlery and harness, models of steamers and pleasure boats, plans and 
models of railway yards, stations, material and equipment of the merchant 
marine, etc. In this department will be shown the latest invention> 
looking toward the accomplishment of aerial navigation. It is interesting 
to note that the first great tournament of air ships will be held at the 




'? ./ 1 ■- 
PALACE OF TRANSPORTATION East End 





Mr. Willard A. Smith 
Chief, Department of Transportation 



World's Fair of 1904. The manage- 
ment of the Exposition has set aside 
the sum of $200,000 for this contest. 
Of this amount 3100,000 will be 
offered as a grand prize for the most 
successful dirigible air-ship, and 
$50,000 will be given for additional 
prizes. A course decided upon pro- 
vides for a race of fifteen miles. This 
proposed tournament has attracted 
attention throughout the world. 
Already Santos-Dumont, Sir Hiram 
Maxim — inventor of the Maxim 
gun, and Alexander Graham Bell — 
inventor of the telephone — have an- 
nounced intention to take part in the 
competition. The aeronautic contest 

will be held under the direction of the Transportation Department. 

Mr. Willard A. Smith, Chief of the Department of Transportation, 

was Chief of the Department of Transportation at the World's Columbian 

Exposition, and was Director of Trans- 
portation and Civil Engineering of 

the United States Commission to 

the Paris Exposition of 1900. At Paris 

he was a delegate to the International 

Congress on Tests of Materials and 

on Tramways, and was delegate 

of the State Department of the United 

States to the International Railway 

Congress. He is a native of Wisconsin, 

a graduate of Shurtleff College and 

of the Law Department of Washington 

University, St. Louis. He is editor 

of the Railway Review, is a member of 

many engineering -and technical so- 
cieties, and is a Trustee of the Uni- 
versity of Chicago. He received the 

decoration of the Legion of Honor 

58 




Cow. A. C. Baker 
Ass't-Chief, Department of Transportation 



from the French Government in 1900, and has been the recipient of medals 
from various foreign governments. 

Commander Asher Carter Baker, of the United States Navy, is 
Assistant-Chief of the Department of Transportation. Commander Baker 
was born in New Jersey. He was graduated by the U. S. Naval Acad- 
emy, at Annapolis, in 1871. He served on various ships during the fol- 
lowing years, including the battleship Massachusetts. For three years he 
was engaged aboard the Albatross in deep sea investigations for the U. S. 
Fish Commission. He was Commissioner to Mexico for the World's 
Columbian Exposition and later was assigned as the Superintendent of 
the Marine Division of the Transportation Department of that Exposition. 
He was connected with the Transportation Exhibits Department of the 
U. S. Commission to the Paris Exposition of 1900, was a member of sev- 
eral sections of the International Jury of Award and was decorated by the 
French Government with the Order of the Legion of Honor. 



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Department of Agriculture 

Agriculture naturally will be one of the most important departments of 
an Exposition held in the principal city of the greatest agricultural region 
of the world. In this department will be shown the products of the field, 
meadow and garden. Farm equipment and machinery will form important 
groups in the classification. Agricultural chemistry will have due consider- 
ation, the vineyard and its products will be in evidence, inedible agriculture 
products, as cotton, hemp, flax, etc., 
will be shown with the methods of 
treating them, and there will be exhibits 
of the bakery, dairy, apiary, etc., 
with specimens of dried, canned and 
preserved products, confectionery and 
relishes. Tobacco will have an impor- -~ 
tant place. Useful insects and farm 
pests will be exemplified, the physiol- 
ogy of plants, their diseases and the 
remedies for them will be duly treated. 

Mr. Frederic W. Taylor, Chief of 
the Department of Agriculture, was 
Superintendent of the Departments of 
Horticulture, Forestry and Foods at the 
Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, Mr# Frederic w . Taylor 

and also was Director of Concessions Chief of Departments of Agriculture 

at that Exposition. Mr. Taylor is a and Horticulture 

native of Nebraska. He has been 

President of the Nebraska State Horticultural Society and Professor of Hor- 
ticulture in the University of Nebraska. He formed the Nebraska State Fruit 
Exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition and was in charge of the 
Departments of Agriculture and Horticulture of the Trans-Mississippi Expo- 
sition at Omaha, in 1898. He has traveled extensively in the United States. 
Mexico and Europe — especially in Russia, Turkey, Austria, Hungary, Rou- 
mania, Germany, Switzerland and France — in the interests of agriculture 
and horticulture. 

63 




Department of Horticulture 

Horticulture is to have a special building 800 feet long and 400 feet 
deep, with a great conservatory for the reception of exotic and other decora- 
tive and useful plants, including those of the greatest size. The aim is to 
make a complete representation of gardening and its products — fruits, 
foliage and flowers — with exhibits of gardener's tools, greenhouse plans, 
methods of cultivation, crossing and development of species. There will 
be a large out-door space for exhibits which thrive in the climate of 
St. Louis, and a corps of gardeners will give these proper attention. Mr. 
Frederic W. Taylor, of the Department of Agriculture, is Chief of the 
Department of Horticulture. 

Live-Stock Section 

Closely related to the Department of Agriculture is the Live-Stock 
Section, in which the fowls and animals of the farm will be represented in 
great variety. Besides the exhibits of horses, cattle, oxen, goats, swine, 
etc., special groups will include dogs, cats and rabbits of different breeds, 
and birds of many species. The Live-Stock Pavilions will cover twenty- 
five acres and will cost $100,000. The Chief of the Live-Stock Section is 
Mr. F. D. Coburn. 

Forestry, Fish and Game 

The exhibits of Forestry, Fish and Game, insofar as they are indoor 
exhibits will be made in the same building, designs for which provide for 
a structure with a frontage of 400 feet and a depth of 600 feet, to cost 
$350,000. 

The Forestry Exhibit, extending over four acres, will show collections 
of seeds and plants and of indigenous or exotic forest products, equipment 
for tree culture, and processes of culture and management. It will also 
illustrate forest topography and botany, geographical distribution, forest 
works, terracing and replanting, with maps, plans and literature relating 
to the craft of forestry. There will be displayed specimens of various 
woods as used for cabinet work, building, fuel, etc. 

The Department of Fish and Game will exhibit hunting and fishing 
equipment and products of each ; collections of wild animals and of varieties 
of fish, original drawings of land and amphibious animals, collections of 
birds and eggs, skins and furs, ivory, bone and shell, fish curing and 

62 



canning, fish culture, etc. Models of culture and breeding grounds, food for 
fish, diseases, and processes for dealing with polluted streams are included, 
and space is provided for a display of the literature of the world in all that 
relates to fishes, the culture of fish and angling. 

Dr. Tarleton H. Bean is Chief of the Department of Fish and Game 
and is also Chief of Forestry. Dr. Bean is a native of Pennsylvania. 
He was the Director of the Department of Forestry and Fisheries of the 
United States Commission to the Paris Exposition of 1900. He represented 
the Fish Commission of the Govern- 
ment Board for the World's Columbian 
Exposition at Chicago and at the Expo- 
sition at Atlanta. He was for a time 
Curator of the Department of Fishes 
at the National Museum at Wash- 
ington, was editor of the proceedings 
and bulletins of the National Museum, 
was for some time on the editorial staff 
of the journal "Forest and Stream," 
New York, and in 1895 was Director 
of the Aquarium in New York City. 
In 1897 he was made Honorary Cura- 
tor of Fishes in the American Museum 
of Natural History, New York. Dr. 
Bean was given the decoration of the 

Legion of Honor by the FrenchGovern- 

. • -,rv^ j 4.1 Dr. Tarleton H. Bl w 

ment in 1900, and the same year was ,-.: , -.. ~ . . , c 

' J Chief of the Departments of horestn . 

elected an Honorary Corresponding Fish and Game 

Member of the Danish Fisheries 

Society. For his ichthyological writings a silver medal was awarded him 
at the London Fisheries Exhibition, in 1883, and a gold medal at the Paris 
Exposition of 1900. 

Mines and Metallurgy 

The Department of Mines and Metallurgy embraces five groups and 
fifty-three classes, and includes exhibits showing the methods of working 
mines, ore-beds and stone quarries; minerals and stones and their utili- 
zation ; mine-models, maps and photographs; metallurgy and the literature 

63 





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of mining and metallurgy. Prospecting methods will be explained, mining 
tools and equipment will be displayed, and collections of minerals will cover 
the mineralogical field. 

The Palace of Mines and Metallurgy differs in style from the other 
Exposition buildings, yet will not constitute an inharmonious element 
in the great architectural scheme. The entrance presents Egyptian 
features, but the structure as a whole is an expression of the modern 
renaissance. Its length is 750 feet and its width 525 feet, and it covers 
about nine acres. It is sixty feet 

high to the cornice. It will cost about wnamm^^^^^^^^^^^m 

$500,000. It was designed by Mr. 
Theodore Link, of St. Louis, the 
designer of the St. Louis Union Rail- 
way Station — the largest and finest 
railway terminal in the world. This 
is the largest structure provided, thus 
far, for mining and metallurgical 
exhibits at an Exposition. On three 
sides, the walls of this building are 
set back about twenty feet from the 
facade, leaving an intervening space 
or loggia well adapted for certain 
classes of exhibits. The base of 
this facade or outer screen consists of 
sculptural panels illustrating quarry- 
ing, mining and metallurgical opera- 
tions. 

Bordering the Mines Palace along the southwest side, a space 750 feet 
long by 200 feet wide has been set aside for working exhibits in Mining, 
Metallurgy and Electro-Chemistry. Tunnels for underground mining will 
penetrate the hill which faces the building on the southwest side, and on 
an extension of this out-door area, lying to the south and southwest of 
the building, will be located ore and quarry yards, derricks for deep-well 
drilling outfits, equipment for placer mining, and kindred exhibits in opera- 
tion. The area of this adjacent ground for working exhibits is between 
ten and twelve acres— making a total area for the mining, quarrying and 
metallurgical exhibits of about twenty acres. 

65 




Mr. Joseph A. Holmes 

Chief of the Department of Mines 

and Metallurgy 



The Chief of the Department of Mines and Metallurgy is Mr. Joseph 
A. Holmes, a native of South Carolina, a graduate of Cornell University, 
for ten years Professor of Geology and Minerology in the University of 
North Carolina, and State Geologist of North Carolina. Since 1891 he has 
been connected with State and Government surveys, and in the course of 
his work for the Government has visited and examined mineral and ore 
deposits in practically all the States and Territories of the Union. Mr. 




PALACE OF MACHINERY, February, 1903 



Holmes has aided in the preparation and installation of mining exhibits at 
the Toronto, New Orleans and Chicago Expositions, and has served on 
Exposition juries at Omaha, Buffalo, Toronto, Nashville and Charleston. 
He is a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the Ameri- 
can Geological Society, the American Association for the Advancement of 
Science, the Washington Academy of Science and other societies, and is a 
frequent contributor to scientific and mining journals. 

66 



International Congresses 

The International Congresses of Arts and Sciences to be held in con- 
nection with the Exposition will be convened in September, 1904, under 
the general direction of Mr. Howard J. Rogers, Chief of the Departments 
1 of Education and Social Economy. The Congresses will discuss the 
Theoretical and Practical Sciences in seven divisions, subdivided into 
1 twenty-five departments — and these departments into one hundred and thirty 
* sections. The seven divisions include Normative, Historical, Physical and 
Mental Sciences in the Theoretical section, and Utilitarian, Regulative and 
Cultural Sciences in the Practical section. Under Normative Sciences are 
classed the Philosophic and Mathematical ; under Historical Sciences the 
Political, Legal, Economic, Philological, Pedagogical, Aesthetic and Theo- 
logical ; under Physical Sciences the General Physical, Astronomical, Geo- 
graphical, Biological and Anthropological ; under Mental Sciences, the 
Psychological and the Sociological ; under Utilitarian Sciences, the Medical, 
Practical Economic and Technological ;_ under Regulative Sciences, the 
Practical Political, Practical Legal and Practical Social ; under Cultural 
Sciences, the Practical Educational, the Practical Aesthetical and the 
Practical Religious Sciences. — There will be seventy-one sections for the 
discussion of the Theoretical and fifty-nine for the discussion of the 
Practical divisions. 

In each of the 130 divisions there will be addresses on the ''Relations 

to other Sciences" and on the "Problems of To-day." At the close of the 

series there will bean address on "The Harmonization of Practical Sciences." 

Later will come the independent congresses — the International Medical 

Congress, the International Law Congress, etc. 

Bureau of Music 

The Bureau of Music has been organized with Mr. George D. Mark- 
ham as Chief, Mr. George W. Stewart as Manager, and Mr. Ernest R. 
Kroeger as Master of Programs. This Bureau is arranging for special 
events of exceptional importance, of which publication at this time would be 
premature. 

Music will have a prominent place in the daily program of Exposition 
attractions. There will be many prominent bands, which will provide 
afternoon and evening concerts, and, on occasion, there will be orchestral 
and choral programs. 

69 




MRS JAMES L. BLAIR 
Ptesi Jlu*e Board of Udy Managers 



Board of Lady Managers 

A Board of Lady Managers, appointed by the National Commission. 
will have charge of various details especially affecting women exhibitors. 
The Board will have quarters in the Physics Building of the University. 
The Act of Congress in pursuance of which this Board was created, pro- 
vides that, in the discretion of the National Commission and the Exposition 
corporation, the Board of Lady Managers may appoint one member of all 
committees authorized to award prizes for such exhibits as may have been 
produced in whole or in part by female labor. The President of the Board 







ill nisi mM """ 



strut tiftr wlTHM 




WOMEN'S BUILDING 



of Lady Managers is Mrs. James L. Blair, of St. Louis, a lady of social 
prominence, charm of manner and exceptional executive ability. (See 
Appendix for names of the members of this Board.) 



United States Government Exhibits 

The United States Government will erect a building, in which will be 
installed exhibits exemplifying many of the functions of the National Go> - 
ernment. Four hundred and fifty thousand dollars have been appropriated 
for the building and $850,000 for the arrangement o\ the exhibits. The 
building, designed by Mr. J. Knox Taylor, Government architect, will be 
850 feet long and 250 feet wide. A Board of Exhibit Chiefs will have charge 






of Departments, corresponding with the great Governmental Departments 
in Washington. (See Appendix.) 

The new Government possessions of the United States will provide 
extensive exhibits. Forty acres will be devoted to the Philippine exhibit, 
for which some $600,000 will be expended. There are about sixty distinct 
tribes in the Philippine Islands, so that there will be no lack of interesting 
material for village groups. Two sides of the forty-acre plot border upon a 
small lake, and the water will give an opportunity to show the skill of Fili- 
pino natives in fishing, boating and swimming. Some of the tribes build 







UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING 



their houses .on posts standing in the water, not unlike the ancient lake 
dwellers of Switzerland. Such domiciles, with many others, will be repro- 
duced with all possible exactness. The important industries of the Filipinos 
will be carried on in the villages, and visitors may see the materials 
employed in all stages, from the plant or tree to the finished manufactured 
product. Most interesting will be natives themselves, in great number, 
affording the visitor an opportunity to become acquainted with their 
manners and customs, home life and native surroundings. 

The Hawaiian Islands, Samoa, Tutuila and Guam, will furnish most 
interesting exhibits, accompanied by natives of these islands. Hawaii has 

72 



provided for a very attractive building, after the designs of an architect of 
Honolulu. 

Foreign Government Buildings 

The government buildings of the different nations participating in the 
Exposition promise to surpass in number, variety of architectures and elabo- 
rateness the government buildings at all previous expositions. The 
splendid Street of the Nations, on the left bank of the Seine, at Paris, in 
1900, will be completely outdone. The French Government proposes to 
reproduce the famous Grand Trianon at Versailles, and the German Gov- 
ernment will substantially duplicate one of its famous Rhenish castles. 
The South American countries are planning structures that will compare 
favorably with those of the great nations of Continental Europe. 




THE GRAND TRIANON, Versailles 



State Buildings 

Almost every State and Territory in the Union will have its building, 
and some of these structures will be very attractive. They will serve as 
luxurious club-houses for citizens of the States- and their friends, and in 
many cases will contain exhibits of historical interest, statistics of State 
resources, government, etc. 

73 






The Missouri State Building — herein illustrated — is a particularly 
attractive structure. It will be 312 feet long and 160 feet wide, and will 
cost nearly $200,000. As described by the architect, Mr. Isaac S. Taylor, 
it is "Roman in style, with an American feeling." It will be surmounted 
by a gilded dome crowned with a winged "victory." 

Temple of Fraternity 

A Temple of Fraternity is projected to provide large meeting rooms for 
various fraternal orders. It is to cost $200,000 and will contain eighty 
rooms. The Temple will be open to all fraternal orders and associations 



TEMPLE OF FRATERNITY 

of either male, female or mixed membership and will have main- of the 
•characteristics of a club-house — or combination of club-houses. 

Entertainment Attractions. 

Outside the Exhibit Departments there will be many additional attrac- 
tions. 

A Concession has been granted for a representation of the Tyrolean 
Alps which promises to surpass in interest the "Swiss Village" at the 
Paris Exposition of 1900. It is based upon the Alpine Exhibition o\ Diis- 
seldorf last year, but will be far more extensive and elaborate. 

75 



The Cairo Street will be in evidence, and this also promises to exceed 
in original attractions all previous efforts in the same direction. A consid- 
erable number of native Egyptians will be connected with the enterprise. 

A Street of Constantinople will be an Exposition feature of real novelty. 
Here also will be natives living as at home. 

"Mysterious Asia" is the title of an attraction for which a concession 
has been granted. 




Burns Cottage at Ayr, Scotland 



Citizens of Scottish birth, descent or sympathy propose to reproduce 
the Robert Burns Cottage at Ayr and also a portion of Stirling Castle — for 
Scottish exhibits. 

A reproduction of characteristic features of the City of Jerusalem has 
been planned to cover some ten acres of ground. Here will be natives of 
Palestine, who will pursue their avocations as at home. In many particulars 
the life of Jerusalem in Bible times will be essentially reproduced, and the 
student will recognize the settings of many sacred scenes. 



There are plans for an "Old St. Louis," involving the reconstruction 
of various prominent historic structures of a greater or less degree of 
picturesqueness, the old forts located hereabouts, etc. 

Many applications for concessions for amusement enterprises are 
pending. There will be no lack of these in number, variety or novelty. 




PRESS BUILDING 



Press Headquarters 

A Press Building has been provided for visiting journalists. It is 
located near the Palace of Manufactures, and is a comfortable home-like 
place. It has been open for several months. 

A Model City has been planned as an important feature of the Social 
Economy Department. 



Points of General Interest 

There are fifteen exhibit departments, comprising 144 groups and 808 
classes, covering almost every phase of human effort. 

The Louisiana Purchase Exposition will be opened April 30, 1904, and 
will be closed not later than December first of that year. 

The Exposition is intended to illustrate the resources and industries of 
the countries of the world, their progress in civilization, and to give a 
retrospective view of their development. 

A hospital building has been erected and medical and surgical direction 
already is installed. During the period of the Exposition there will be an 
adequate force of nurses and attendants for any ordinary emergency. 

No charge is made for exhibit space, and, subject to the discretion of 
the Director of Exhibits and the Chief of the Department directly interested, 
there is no charge for light, power and such facilities as may seem reason- 
ably necessary for the best presentation and operation of a desirable exhibit. 

All exhibits in the contemporaneous divisions may compete for awards. 
An International Jury will determine the relative merit of exhibits, and will 
award diplomas and medals indicating four grades of excellence : First, a 
Grand Prize ; second, a Gold Medal ; third, a Silver Medal ; fourth, a 
Bronze Medal. 

Every precaution will be taken to assure the safety of exhibits. The 
Exhibition will be guarded by carefully-chosen watchmen, and there will be 
a corps of firemen and cleaners for the main ways. A number of fire-engine 
houses have been erected in the Exposition grounds and experienced firemen 
have been installed therein, with all necessary horses and equipment. 



Hotels and Boarding-Houses 

One of the most serious considerations of the prospective Exposition 
visitor — and also of the Exposition executive — is the matter of hotel 
accommodation and the price charged for it. 

If the average American citizen obtains an impression that the hotel, 
restaurant and boarding-house keepers of an Exposition-city have formed 
a combination to plunder visitors, he is very apt to avoid the city and 
Exposition, despite the tempting character of the attractions. And it is of 
the greatest interest to the Exposition management that accommodations 



for visitors be plentiful, comfortable and reasonable in price, and that 
prospective visitors are well informed thereof. 

In order to assist visitors to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition to find 
suitable accommodations easily and promptly upon arrival in the city, and 
to protect them from imposition or extortion, the Exposition authorities 
have organized a Bureau of Free Information Service, which is preparing 




PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES, December, 1902 



lists of all hotels, boarding-houses, lodging-houses, etc., in every portion of 
the city, with the number of persons who can be accommodated at each, 
a description of the character of the accommodation and the price charged 
by the day, the week, or the single meal. The Exposition Bureau proposes 
to keep constantly informed by its telephone service of the exact number 
of vacancies — precisely as the hotel-clerk keeps himself informed as to 
vacancies in his hotel. 



Each visitor, upon stating the character of the accommodation desired, 
the price he is willing to pay and the particular part of the city which may 
be his preference, is given a card with addresses, where it is believed he 
may be suited, with prices plainly designated. 

Should any person on the Exposition's list undertake to practice extor- 
tion, upon the report thereof, the Bureau will investigate the case and, 
upon belief that the charge has been substantiated, will remove such 
person's name from the list and will inform visitors accordingly. 

Exposition authorities express the belief that the existing hotels in 
St. Louis, the hotels projected and the thousands of boarding and lodging 
houses — supplemented by homes where, on this exceptional occasion, 
transient visitors may be entertained — will be adequate for the accommoda- 
tion of all who may come to the World's Fair of 1904. 

The Exposition's Bureau of Free Information Service will maintain 
offices at the St. Louis Union Railway Passenger Station, at the Admin- 
istration Building of the World's Fair and at the Exposition's rooms in the 
Laclede Building, St. Louis. It may be addressed by mail at the Admin- 
istration Building, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis. 

At the Last! 

It is not possible in a small hand-book to touch upon a tithe of the 
attractions of this greatest Exposition thus far in the world's history. The 
writer feels that of all which he has written nothing is to be "discounted," 
but that much should have been added. 

When the great Exposition of 1904 has become a reality — when the vast 
Exhibit Palaces are completed and filled with master works of art and 
industry, representing the highest achievements of our time in every part of 
the globe ; when the Street of Attractions is in perfect running order, and 
the Orient is at our doors ; when the skies above are filled with aeronautic 
automobiles, beneath which the electric lights in the Exposition Grounds 
rival the stars in number and brilliance, then the visitor who has gradually 
formed anticipations of something to rival in splendor and surprises the 
pictures which the Arabian Nights stories evoke in youthful minds, will 
confess that the reality far surpasses all that was promised or pictured, and 
the writer will be even more impressed with the feebleness and inefficiency 
of words although coupled with the best intentions. 



APPENDIX 



OFFICERS OF THE EXPOSITION 

PRESIDENT 

The Hon. David R. Francis 



VICE-PRESIDENTS 

1st. Corwin H. Spencer. 5th. 

2d. Saaiuel M. Kennard. 6th. 

3d. Daniel M. Houser. 7th. 

4th. Cyrus P. Walbridge. 8th. 

Treasurer, William H. Thompson. 

General Counsel, James L. Blair. 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS 



Seth W. Cobb. 
Charles H. Huttig. 
August Gehner. 
Pierre Chouteau. 
Secretary, Walter B. Stevens. 



A.A.Allen, 
Nicholas M. Bell, 
James L. Blair, 
C. F. Blanke, 
W. F. Boyle, 
A. D. Brown, 
George Warren Brown, 
Paul Brown, 
Adolphus Busch, 
James G. Butler, 
James Campbell, 
Murray Carleton, 
Pierre Chouteau, 
Seth W. Cobb, 
James F. Coyle, 
George T. Cram, 
John D. Davis, 
Alex N. De Menil, 
S. M. Dodd, 
L. D. Dozier, 
Harrison I. Drummond, 
R. B. Dula, 
George L. Edwards, 
Howard Elliott, 
S. M. Felton, 
David R. Francis, 
Nathan Frank, 
A. H, Frederick, 
August Gehner, 
W. M. Greene, 
Norris B. Gregg, 



W. T. Haarstick, 
A. B. Hart, 
Walker Hill, 
F. D. Hirschberg, 
John A. Holmes, 
D. M. Houser, 
C. H. Huttig, 
Breckinridge Jones, 
S. M. Kennard, 
Goodman King, 
W. J. Kinsella, 
Charles W. Knapp, 
Dr. J.J. Lawrence, 
W. H. Lee, 
F. W. Lehmann, 
Wm. J. Lemp, 
J. W. McDonald, 
Thos. H.McKittrick, 
George D. Markham, 
F. E. Marshall, 

C. F. G. Meyer, 
Henry I. Miller, 
Isaac W. Morton, 
F. G. Niedringhaus, 
W. F. Nolker, 

D. C. Nugent, 
George W. Parker, 
H. Clay Pierce, 
Joseph Ramsey, Jr., 
David Ran ken, Jr., 
Jonathan Rice, 

si 



Clark H. Sampson, 
Julius J. Schotten, 
John Schroers, 
R. M. Scruggs, 
John Scullin. 
A. L. Shapleigh, 
J. E. Smith, 
C. H. Spencer, 
Samuel Spencer, 
W. C. Steigers, 
H. W. Steinbiss, 
Walter B. Stevens, 
Charles A. Stix. 
R. H. Stockton, 
George J. Tansey. 
Wm. H. Thompson, 
Charles H. Turner, 
J. C. Van Blarcom . 
Festus J. Wade. 
C. P, Walbridge, 
Julius S. Walsh, 
C. G. Warner, 
Rolla Wells, 
W. B. Wells, 
Chas. F. Wenneker, 
J. J. Wertheimer, 
Edwards Whitaker, 
A. A. B. Woerheide; 
Wm. 11. Woodward, 
Geo. M.Wright, 
lv 1 . Yoakum. 



CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES 



Organization, David R. Francis (Ex-offic 
Executive, David R. Francis (Ex-officio) 

Finance, W. H. Lee. 

Ways and Means, Festus J. Wade. 

Concessions, George L. Edwards. 

Transportation, Julius S. Walsh. 

Press and Publicity, R. H. Stockton. 

Foreign Relations, Adolphus Busch. 

Supplies, Norris B. Gregg. 

Sanitation, C. P. Walbridge. 

Police, Harrison I. Drummond. 

Insurance, George T. Cram. 

Ceremonies, Corwin H. Spencer. 

Grounds and Buildings, Wm. H. Thompson. 

Legislation, D. M. Houser. 

Agriculture, Paul Brown. 

Art, Isaac H. Morton. 

Mines and Mining, W. J. Kinsella. 

Members of Board of Arbitration, 



io). Corwin H. Spencer, Vice-Chairman. 

William H. Thompson, Vice-Chairman. 
State and Territorial Exhibits, C. H. Huttig. 
Manufactures and Liberal Arts, George W. 

Parker. 
Electricity and Electrical Appliances , J. E. 

Smith. 
Fish and Fisheries, Seth W. Cobb. 
Anthropology and Ethnology, F. W. Leh- 

mann. 
Education and Educational Congresses, 

John Schroers. 
History, Pierre Chouteau. 
Souvenir Gold Dollars, J.. C. Van Blarcom. 
International Congresses, F.W. Lehmann. 
Reception and Entertainment, F. D. 

Hirschberg. 

W. F. Boyle and Charles W. Knapp. 



EXECUTIVE DIVISIONS 

DIVISION OF EXHIBITS.— Director, Frederick J. V. Skiff. Education, Howard 
J.Rogers, Chief. Art, Halsey C. Ives, Chief; Charles M. Kurtz, Assistant-Chief. 
Liberal Arts, John A. Ockerson, Chief. Manufactures and Varied Industries, Milan 
H. Hulbert, Chief. Machinery, Thomas M. Moore, Chief; David P. Jones, Consulting 
Engineer. Electricity, W. E. Goldsborough, Chief. Transportation, Willard A. 
Smith, Chief; A. C. Baker, Assistant-Chief. Agriculture, Frederick W. Taylor, Chief. 
Horticulture, Frederick W.Taylor, Chief. Forestry, Tarleton H. Bean. Chief. Mines 
and Metallurgy, J. A. Holmes, Chief; David T. Day, Honorary-Chief. Fish and Game, 
Tarleton H. Bean, Chief. Anthropology and Ethnology (To be filled). Social Economy, 
Howard J. Rogers, Chief. Physical Culture (To be filled) . Chief of Live Stock Section, 
F. D. Coburn. Director of International Congresses, Howard J. Rogers. Chief of 
Bureau of Music, George D. Markham. 

DIVISION OF EXPLOITATION.— Director (To be filled); Chairman, Adolphus Busch ; 
Secretary, Russell C. Stanhope. Commissioner to Europe, Thomas W. Cridler ; 
Commissioner to Italy, Vittorio Zeggio ; Commissioner-General to Oriental Countries, 
John Barrett: Commissioner to the Argentine Republic, Chili, Uruguay, Paraguay, 
Bolivia, Jose de Olivares ; Commissioner to Brazil, John Taylor Lewis ; Commis- 
sioner to Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Ernest H. Wands; Commissioner to 
Cuba, Charles M. Pepper ; Commissioner to Central American Countries, John Rice 
Chandler ; Resident Representative in London, George F. Parker ; Resident Repre- 
sentative in Paris, Palmer L. Bowen ; Resident Representative in Berlin, Joseph 
Brucker; Commissioner to South Africa, C. A. Green; Commissioner to Trinidad, 
Windward Islands, G. W. Fishback; Foreign Press Commissioner, Walter Williams. 

Special Commissioner to Europe, Miss Florence Hayward. 

82 



DOMESTIC— Chairman, Legislation, D. M. Houser. Chairman, States and Terri- 
tories, C. H. Huttig; Secretary, Charles M. Reeves. 

PRESS AND PUBLICITY.— Acting-Chief Walter B. Stevens. Local Press, W. A. 
Kelsoe. Publicity, R. H. Sexton; Secretary, Edward Hooker. 

CEREMONIES.— Secretary, E. C. Culp. 

RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT.— Secretary, Ricardo Diaz Albertim. 

DIVISION OF WORKS.— Director, Isaac S. Taylor. Commission of Architects, 
Frederick Widmann, Robert N. Walsh, C. D. Boisselier, Howard Walker, Thomas R. Kimball, 
Henry Van Brunt, Frank M. Howe, William S. Eames, Thomas C. Young, John M. Carrere, 
Thomas Hastings, George D. Barnett, John F. Haynes, Thomas P. Barnett, Theodore C. Link, 
Cass Gilbert. 

Chief of Design, E. L. Masqueray ; Chief Draughtsman, W. H. H. Weatherwax. 
Chief Building Engineer, Philip J. Markmann ; Chief Electrical and Mechanical 
Engineer, Henry Rustin ; Chief Landscape Architect, George E. Kessler; Chief Civil 
Engineer, R. H. Phillips. 

Advisory Committee of Sculptors, J. Q. A. Ward, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, 
Daniel C. French ; Chief of Sculpture, Karl T. F. Bitter. 

DIVISION OF CONCESSIONS AND ADMISSIONS. -Director, Norris B. Gregg. 

AUDITING DEPARTMENT.— F. Gabel, Auditor; John W. Dunn, Assistant-Auditor. 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.— Local Treasurer, Perry Bartholovv. 

TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT.— Director, George W. Ristine. 

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.— Director, Leonidas H. Laidley. 

JEFFERSON GUARD.— Commandant, Lieut. -Col. Edward A. Godwin, 7th I. S. 
Cavalry. 

NATIONAL COMMISSION 

(U. S. Commissioners Appointed by the President of the United States.) 

Thomas H.Carter, Montana, President; Martin H.Glynn, New York, Vice-President. 
John M. Thurston, Nebraska; William Lindsay, Kentucky; George W. McBride, 
Oregon; FREDERICK A. Betts, Connecticut ; John M. Allen, Mississippi ; John F.MlLLER, 
Indiana; Philip D. Scott, Arkansas. Joseph Flory, St. Louis, Secretary. 

UNITED STATES IN CHARGE OF GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS.— J. H. BRIGHAM, 
Chairman, Department of Agriculture; William H. Michael, Department of State; 
Walter C. Hills, Treasury Department; Col. J. B. Brown low, Post Office Depart- 
ment; Frank Strong, Department of Police; Edward M. Dawson. Department of the 
Interior; B. F. Peters, Navy Department; John C. SCHOFIELD, War Department; G.W. 
Hanger, Bureau of Labor Statistics; W. de C. Ravenel, U. S. Fish Commissioner; 
Williams C.Fox, Bureau of American Republics. W.V.Cox, Secretary; W.M.GEDD1 S, 
Disbursing Officer. 

83 



ftOAY 4 1903 



BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS 

(Appointed by the United States Government Commission.) 

PRESIDENT 

Mrs. James L. Blair, St. Louis, Mo. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS 

First, Mrs. Edward L. Buchwalter, Springfield, O.; 2d, Mrs. Finis P. Ernest, Denver, Col.; 
3d, Mrs. Helen Boice-Hunsicker, Philadelphia, Pa.; 4th, Miss Anna L. Dawes, Pittsfield, Mass,; 
5th, Mrs. Belle L. Everest, Atchison, Kan.; 6th, Mrs. M. H. de Young-, San Francisco, Cal.; 
7th, Mrs. Fannie L. Porter, Atlanta, Ga.; 8th, Mrs. Daniel Manning, Washington, D. C. 

Secretary, Mrs. Frederick M. Hanger, Little Rock, Ark. 

Treasurer, Mrs. William H. Coleman, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Miss Helen M. Gould, New York City: Mrs. Louise E. Frost, Winona, Minn.; Mrs. John 
M. Holcombe, Hartford, Conn.; Mrs. W. E. Andrews, Washington, D. C; Mrs. Emily W. 
Roebling, Trenton, N. J.; Mrs. Jennie Gilmore Knott, Louisville, Ky.; Mrs. Margaret P. Daly, 
Anaconda, Mont.; Mrs. Mary Phelps Montgomery, Portland, Ore.: Mrs. John Miller Horton, 
Buffalo, N. Y.; Mrs. A. L. von Mayhoff, New York City ; Mrs. James Edmund Sullivan, Provi- 
dence, R. I.; Mrs. Annie McLean Moores, Mt. Pleasant, Tex.; Miss Lavinia Egan, Shreve- 
port, La. 




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